约鲁巴语 编辑

孤立声调语言

约鲁巴语约鲁巴语

约鲁巴语(约鲁巴语:èdè Yorùbá,英语:Yoruba language),属于尼日尔-刚果语系科尔多凡语族,为孤立声调语言,意即它没有词形变化,且以声调辨义,约鲁巴语的句法结构为SVO。

基本信息

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中文名:约鲁巴语

外文名:èdèYorùbá

使用人群:约鲁巴人

使用地区:西非

使用人数:超过2500万

语种:方言连续体

语言信息

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约鲁巴语 (本名èdè Yorùbá)是西非超过2500万人使用的方言连续体。它是约鲁巴人的母语,使用在尼日利亚、贝宁、多哥、巴西、塞拉利昂、北加纳、古巴。

音系

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约鲁巴语有三种可能的音节:单独母(V)、子音+母音(CV)和母音化鼻音(N)。且每个音节都有三种声调:高‹´›、中 ‹¯›(一般可不标明)和低‹`›。由'n̄ ò lọ'(意即“我不去”)这个句子可知约鲁巴语的声调结构:

n̄——意即“我”、ò——意即“不”、此为否定词lọ——意即“去”

母音

标准的约鲁巴语具有七个非鼻化母音及五个鼻化母音。约鲁巴语没有双母音,而多个并排的母音中,每个单独的母音都为独立音节,并以此发音。其他方言的母音数可能会有不同。

约鲁巴语约鲁巴语

约鲁巴语母音图非鼻化母音以黑点表示其位置,鼻化母音以着色色块表其可能的范围

-

非鼻化音母

鼻化音母

-

-

-

-

i

u

ĩ

ũ

中闭

e

o

-

-

中开

ɛ

ɔ

ɛ̃

ɔ̃

a

-

-

-

第五个鼻化母音的状态是具争议性的。虽然此音出现于交谈中,但一些作者认为此音不与其他音素对立;而此音也常常是的自由变体在书写上,除非是在碰到作为/l/同位异音的(见“子音”一节)出现在鼻化母音前的状况,例如inú这个表“内部、度子”的字,它在事实上的发音是。,不然一般常藉由在母音符号后加‹n›来表鼻化母音(i.e., ‹in›, ‹un›, ‹ẹn›, ‹ọn›)。

约鲁巴语原文

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使用范围

Yorùbá jẹ ọkan lara awọn ede mẹrin ti o se itẹwọgba ni Naijeria o si jẹ ọkan lara awọn ẹka -ede ti Naija-Kongo. Bi i miliọnu mejilelogun eniyan ni n sọ ede naa ni iwọ oorun-mọ-guusu Naijeria, orilẹ ede Benin, Togo, Ilu Ọba (UK), ati ni Amẹrika.

字母

字母

与英语相对发音

a

English word 'ahh'

b

English word 'bee'

d

English word 'dee'

e

English letter 'a'

-

English sound of 'e' in 'let'

f

English word 'fee'

g

English sound of 'g' in 'get'

gb

Very 'hard sounding' 'b'.

h

English word 'he'

i

English letter 'e'

j

English letter 'g'

k

English word 'key'

l

English word 'lee'

m

English word 'me'

n

'nee'

o

English letter 'o'

-

English sound 'au' as in word 'fault'

p

Very hard-sounding 'p'.

r

're'

s

English word 'see'

-

English word 'she'

t

English word 'tea'

u

English sound of 'oo' in word 'loose'

w

English word 'we'

y

English word 'ye'

常用语

英语

约鲁巴语

Welcome

Ẹ ku abọ

Hello

Ẹ n lẹ

How are you?

I'm fine, thanks. And you?

̣Se daadaa ni o wa?

Mo wa daadaa, o ̣se. Iwọ naa n kọ?

Long time no see

O to ọjọ mẹta o

What's your name?

My name is ...

Ki ni orukọ rẹ?

Orukọ mi ni……

Where are you from?

I'm from ...

Nibo ni o ti wa?

Mo wa lati ...

Pleased to meet you

Inu mi dun lati mọ ọ

Good morning

Ẹ ku aarọ

Good afternoon

Ẹ ku ọsan

Good evening

Ẹ ku alẹ

Good night

O da aarọ

Goodbye

O da abọ

Good luck

Yoo dara o

Cheers

Ayọ ni o

Have a nice day

Oni a dara o

Bon appetit

Ounjẹ ajẹye o

Bon voyage

O da abọ .

I don't understand

Ko ye emi

Please speak more slowly

Jọwọ, rọra maa sọrọ

Please say that again

Jọwọ, tun un sọ

Please write it down

Jọwọ, kọ ọ silẹ

Do you speak Yorùbá? 

Yes, a little

̣Se o n sọ Yorùbá?

Bẹẹ ni, diẹ

How do you say ... in Yorùbá?

Bawo ni o se le sọ ….. ni Yorùbá

Excuse me

Ẹ ̣se fun mi

How much is this?

Eelo ni eyi?

Sorry

Pẹlẹ

Thank you

Not at all

O ̣se

Ko to ọpẹ

Where's the toilet?

Nibo ni ile igbọnsẹ wa?

This gentleman/lady will pay for everything

Alagba/Iyaafin yii yoo sanwo fun gbogbo rẹ

Would you like to dance with me?

̣Se iwọ maa ba mi jo?

I love you

Mo nifẹẹ rẹ

Get well soon

Da ara ya o

Leave me alone!

Fi mi silẹ

Help!

Fire!

Stop!

Ẹ gba mi o!

Ina o!

Duro nbẹ!

Call the police!

Pe awọn ọlọpaa

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year

Ẹ ku Ayọ Keresimesi ati Ọdun Tuntun

Happy Easter

Ẹ ku Ayọ Ajinde

Happy Birthday

Ẹ ku Ayọ Ọjọ Ibi

One language is never enough

Ede kan ko to ri rara

My hovercraft is full of eels

Ọkọ afategun-sare mi kun fun ẹja arọ

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